Step 1.2: Graphical data for Q 19
This page shows the raw data for Q19. “During your experimental smoking phase, did you believe that smoking cigarettes could be harmful to your health?” This data is used to elicit ideas from students about how to analyze the data mathematically. For other questions, students do not see the raw data prior to developing and testing their hypotheses.
1. Develop your SPECIFIC hypothesis to this question.
Selected question:
.
| Key |
Answer |
Cases |
Controls |
Total |
|
Your broad hypothesis from smoker profiles, your intuition/observations, and past research
Your hypothesis for future studies from analyzing many questions from the Smoking Behavior database
your hypothesis that relates to your overarching hypothesis from the Smoking Behavior database questions
Is the way people organize data in a case control study. It tells you how many smokers and how many nonsmokers fall into the exposed or not exposed categories. How you define exposed and not exposed depends on how you drag and drop the answers to this question.
The confidence interval is a tool to help you decide if your result is meaningful to the entire population- people in general. If the confidence interval has the number 1.00 in it, this means that even if your Odds Ratio is bigger or smaller than 1.00, there is not an association between the exposure you identified and regular smokers. However if 1.00 is not inside your Confidence Interval, this means there is an association between the exposure and becoming a regular smoker.
The factor you think might have an influence on someone becoming a regular smoker. For example, believing smoking is not harmful for your health OR having a least 1 parent who smoked.
The factor you think might protect people from becoming regular smokers. For example, believing smoking is harmful for your health OR not having a parent who smoked.
The total number of people who responded to this question, both cases and controls.
An odds ratio of 1 means there is no difference between regular smokers and nonsmokers.
People who are regular smokers
People who tried or experimented with smoking but never became regular smokers