Step 1.4: Hypothesis Generation: Develop your new hypothesis
Students “mine” the data in order to generate a hypothesis that could be tested in a hypothetical new research study. In this view, they are able to look at the raw data for all questions in order to observe trends in the data.
2. Explore the question by testing several options
Selected question: .
Exposure/Non-Exposure
Key
Answer
Cases
Controls
Total
Note: the graph may not visualize all the numbers in table correctly for some questions. If they are different, please refer to those in the table.
3. Choose Study Participants:
4. Estimate Odds Ratio
Report your results and new hypothesis
Report No:
Investigator:
Question:
Exposed
Not Exposed :
Study Participants:
Sample size :
Odds ratio :
2 x 2 table
Cases
Controls
Exposed
Not-Exposed
95% Confidence Interval :
Relationship between the Odds Ratio and Confidence Interval:
Take your notes:
a) What are exposed, not-exposed, OR, CI, and sample size, and is it statistically significant?
Manage your report:
Your broad hypothesis from smoker profiles, your intuition/observations, and past research
Your hypothesis for future studies from analyzing many questions from the Smoking Behavior database
Is the way people organize data in a case control study. It tells you how many smokers and how many nonsmokers fall into the exposed or not exposed categories. How you define exposed and not exposed depends on how you drag and drop the answers to this question.
The confidence interval is a tool to help you decide if your result is meaningful to the entire population- people in general. If the confidence interval has the number 1.00 in it, this means that even if your Odds Ratio is bigger or smaller than 1.00, there is not an association between the exposure you identified and regular smokers. However if 1.00 is not inside your Confidence Interval, this means there is an association between the exposure and becoming a regular smoker.
The factor you think might have an influence on someone becoming a regular smoker. For example, believing smoking is not harmful for your health OR having a least 1 parent who smoked.
The factor you think might protect people from becoming regular smokers. For example, believing smoking is harmful for your health OR not having a parent who smoked.
The total number of people who responded to this question, both cases and controls.
An odds ratio of 1 means there is no difference between regular smokers and nonsmokers.
People who are regular smokers
People who tried or experimented with smoking but never became regular smokers
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